There are two main points concerning bone health:įirst, 90% of peak bone mass is achieved by age 20 and reaching maximum values by age 30. Athletes of either gender with normal bone health can develop stress fractures when training volume and/or intensity are increased too quickly, and inadequate recovery is provided. However, men and women off all ages who participate in repetitive sports like running can develop stress fractures. Women with history of amenorrhea may have decreased bone mass and have a higher risk of stress fractures even if training loads are not too excessive. EA refers to the amount of energy available for normal physiologic processes, after the demands of training are met. The primary component of RED-S is low energy availability (EA). This may be linked to the RED-S (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport) syndrome. Female athletes experience more stress fractures than their male counterparts. RED-S can increase risk in women more so than in men. Where Do Stress Fractures Occur?Īre Women More Susceptible to Stress Fractures Than Men? Chronic low energy (calories) intake can decrease bone health and combined with inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake can increase the risk if stress fractures. Excessive foot pronation and tight Achilles tendons add extra stress to the tibia.īone health issues: In addition, if over-all bone health (measured as bone density or bone mass) is suboptimal (osteopenia or osteoporosis), the bones have less ability to withstand the training stress and the risk of developing a stress fracture is increased. Running with a heel strike style increases stress on the shins, femur, and hip.
This is often seen with military recruits when they first start basic training or people go on a vacation with lots of walking.Įquipment and biomechanical issues: Improper equipment (worn out shoes, shoes that are too stiff) can further increase these stress loads.
We normally associate stress fractures with athletes involved in training, but stress fractures do occur in previously inactive people that suddenly increase the amount of walking they do. The metabolic capacity (fitness) improves faster than structural capacity (the bones and joints). Increases in training that should have taken months, instead happen over a few weeks. Training errors: Stress fractures often are the result of increasing the amount and/or the intensity of the athlete’s training too quickly. Typically, too much/too soon/not enough recovery causes stress fractures, but other factors can contribute.
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